Giải bài 4 trang 139 - SGK môn Hóa học lớp 11 nâng cao

$C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}}$ : butan

$\begin{align} & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$ : 2 – metylpropan

b.

$C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}}$ : pentan

$\begin{align} & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$ : 2 – metylbutan

$\begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{\overset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,}}\,-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$ : 2,2 – đimetylpropan

c.

$C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}}$ : hexan

$\begin{align} & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$ : 2 – metylpentan

$\begin{align} & C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$ : 3 – metylpentan

$\begin{align} & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,{{H}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$: 2,3 – đimetylbutan

$\begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{\overset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,}}\,-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{align}$ : 2,2 – đimetylbutan

Ghi nhớ:

Viết các đồng phân của ankan ta viết đồng phân mạch thẳng trước sau đó viết các mạch nhánh (thay đổi vị trí của nhánh, thay đổi kiểu nhánh)