Giải bài 3 trang 147 - SGK môn Hóa học lớp 11 nâng cao
Viết Phương trình và gọi tên phản ứng của isobutan trong các trường hợp sau:
a) Lấy 1 mol isobutan cho tác dụng với 1 mol clo có chiếu sáng.
b) Lấy 1 mol isobutan đun nóng với 1 mol brom
c) Nung nóng isobutan với xúc tác \(C{{r}_{2}}{{O}_{3}} \) để tạo thành \({{C}_{4}}{{H}_{8}}\) (isobutin)
d) Nung nóng isobutan trong không khí.
a.
\(\begin{aligned} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Cl \\ & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}}+C{{l}_{2}}\xrightarrow{As}C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{\overset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,}}\,-C{{H}_{3}}+HCl \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{aligned}\) (phản ứng thế)
b.
\(\begin{aligned} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br \\ & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}}+B{{r}_{2}}\xrightarrow{As}C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{\overset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,}}\,-C{{H}_{3}}+HBr \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{aligned}\) (phản ứng thế)
c.
\(\begin{aligned} & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}}\xrightarrow{C{{r}_{2}}{{O}_{3}}}C{{H}_{3}}=\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,-C{{H}_{3}}+{{H}_{2}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{aligned}\) (phản ứng tách)
d.
\({{C}_{4}}{{H}_{10}}+\dfrac{13}{2}{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}4C{{O}_{2}}+5{{H}_{2}}O\) (phản ứng oxi hóa)
Ghi nhớ:
Phản ứng hay gặp trong hóa học hữu cơ: phản ứng thế, cộng, tách, oxi hóa