Giải bài 3 trang 147 - SGK môn Hóa học lớp 11 nâng cao

a.

$\begin{aligned} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Cl \\ & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}}+C{{l}_{2}}\xrightarrow{As}C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{\overset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,}}\,-C{{H}_{3}}+HCl \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{aligned}$ (phản ứng thế)

b.

$\begin{aligned} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br \\ & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}}+B{{r}_{2}}\xrightarrow{As}C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{\overset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,}}\,-C{{H}_{3}}+HBr \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{aligned}$ (phản ứng thế)

c.

$\begin{aligned} & C{{H}_{3}}-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,H-C{{H}_{3}}\xrightarrow{C{{r}_{2}}{{O}_{3}}}C{{H}_{3}}=\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,-C{{H}_{3}}+{{H}_{2}} \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\ \end{aligned}$ (phản ứng tách)

d.

${{C}_{4}}{{H}_{10}}+\dfrac{13}{2}{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}4C{{O}_{2}}+5{{H}_{2}}O$ (phản ứng oxi hóa)

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Phản ứng hay gặp trong hóa học hữu cơ: phản ứng thế, cộng, tách, oxi hóa