Giải bài 3 trang 128 - SGK môn Hóa học lớp 11 nâng cao

$C{{H}_{3}}Cl: \begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H\centerdot \centerdot C\centerdot \centerdot H \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\overset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{Cl}}\, \\ \end{align}$; $\begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{|}{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H-C-H \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\overset{|}{\mathop{Cl}}\, \\ \end{align}$

$C{{H}_{4}}O: \begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H\centerdot \centerdot C\centerdot \centerdot H \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\overset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{O}}\,\centerdot \centerdot H \\ \end{align}$ ; $\begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{|}{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H-C-H \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\overset{|}{\mathop{O}}\,\,-\,H \\ \end{align}$

$C{{H}_{2}}O: \begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H\centerdot \centerdot C_{\bullet \bullet }^{\bullet \bullet }O \\ \end{align}$ ; $\begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{|}{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H-C=O \\ \end{align}$

$C{{H}_{5}}N: \begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H\centerdot \centerdot C\centerdot \centerdot H \\ & H\centerdot \centerdot \overset{\bullet \bullet }{\mathop{N}}\,\centerdot \centerdot H \\ \end{align}$; $\begin{align} & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{|}{\mathop{H}}\, \\ & H-\underset{|}{\mathop{C}}\,-\underset{|}{\mathop{N}}\,-H \\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,H\,\,\,\,\,\,\,H \\ \end{align}$

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Trong hợp chất hữu cơ C liên kết với các nguyên tử khác tạo 4 liên kết cộng hóa trị.