Giải bài 1 trang 57 - SGK môn Hóa học lớp 11 nâng cao

a.

 \(2N{{H}_{3}}+3CuO\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}3Cu+{{N}_{2}}\uparrow +3{{H}_{2}}O \\ \)

\({{N}_{2}}+3{{H}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}},\,xt}2N{{H}_{3}} \\ \)

 \(2N{{H}_{3}}+5{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}},\,xt}2NO+3{{H}_{2}}O \\ \)

 \(2NO+{{O}_{2}}\to 2N{{O}_{2}} \\ \)

 \(4N{{O}_{2}}+{{O}_{2}}+2{{H}_{2}}O\to 4HN{{O}_{3}} \\ \)

\(HN{{O}_{3}}+NaOH\to NaN{{O}_{3}}+{{H}_{2}}O \\ \)

\(2NaN{{O}_{3}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}2NaN{{O}_{2}}+{{O}_{2}}\uparrow \\\)

b.

(1) \(\,{{N}_{2}}+{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}NO \)

(2) \( 2N{{H}_{3}}+3FeO\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}3Fe+{{N}_{2}}+3{{H}_{2}}O \)

(3) \({{N}_{2}}+3{{H}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}},\,xt}2N{{H}_{3}}\)

(4) \( 4N{{H}_{3}}+5{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}},\,xt}4NO+6{{H}_{2}}O \)

(5) \(2NO+{{O}_{2}}\to 2N{{O}_{2}} \)

(6) \(Cu+4HN{{O}_{3}}\to Cu{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+2N{{O}_{2}}\uparrow +2{{H}_{2}}O \)

(7) \( 4N{{O}_{2}}+{{O}_{2}}+2{{H}_{2}}O\to 4HN{{O}_{3}}\)

(8) \( Cu{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+{{H}_{2}}S\to CuS\downarrow +2HN{{O}_{3}} \)

(9) \( CuO+2HN{{O}_{3}}\to Cu{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+{{H}_{2}}O \)

(10) \(3CuO+2N{{H}_{3}}\xrightarrow{{{t}^{0}}}3Cu+{{N}_{2}}+3{{H}_{2}}O \)

Ghi nhớ:

Axit nitric có tính oxi hóa rất mạnh và là 1 axit mạnh